Science and Marine Biology
The oceans, encompassing 71% of Earth, are pivotal for climate, transportation, and food, and are less explored than the moon’s surface. Oceanography and marine biology are sciences dedicated to studying these waters and their inhabitants. Aristotle and Pliny the Elder were among the first to document marine life. Advances in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the HMS Challenger expedition, transformed our understanding, paving the way for modern marine research methods like scuba diving and satellite remote sensing.